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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used to be able to make sure that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Lastly, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 230 feet or 70 meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first have to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used so as to assemble the equipment portion of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these sections are attached to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be some of the other industrial machinery that is commonly utilized to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane can match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or 20 feet. After that, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast part piece.
A "loaded container" by definition is a container other than in the tare or empty condition, in reference to container handling. Unless otherwise confirmed, containers must be treated as loaded. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind has to be taken into account. The word loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. In order to make certain that the centre of gravity is kept as low and central as possible, the load has to be distributed all around the container.
Having an evenly distributed load it is helpful to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, in order to maintain safety. A load which is even helps to prevent unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity differs. It is very essential that the designers of containers and handling machines consider in the engineering process. Like for instance, when sixty percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the length of the container measured from one end of the machine, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
To be able to make certain that the machine utilized is right for the load, care needs to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention has to be paid to the possibility of the container tilting due to the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When lifting any container whose centre of gravity is eccentric or mobile, like a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging load, extreme care should be taken when lifting these.
